The GM EV1 was a two-seat electric vehicle produced by General Motors from 1996 to 1999, making it the first mass-produced electric car offered by a major American automaker in the modern era. GM leased the EV1 exclusively rather than selling it outright, primarily in California and Arizona, with the program driven in large part by California's Zero Emission Vehicle mandate. The car used an aluminum and composite spaceframe body designed for low drag, and progressed through two generations of battery technology: lead-acid units in early cars and nickel-metal hydride packs in later examples, the latter offering meaningfully improved range. GM's controversial decision to terminate the program and reclaim and crush nearly all leased vehicles became a defining moment in the history of electric mobility, cementing the EV1's legacy well beyond its limited production numbers.